Pollution pdf file download

This is surprising because transmission characteristics are determined to a great extent by the physical properties of the large arteries 9 , which alter with age and in degenerative disease The purpose of this report is to present data on pressure wave transmission from proximal aorta to iliac artery in human subjects, to demonstrate the changes in wave transmission that occur with age and accompany arterial degenerative disease, and to attempt an explanation of these changes on the basis of previous studies on models and experimental animals.

Read this topic. Thread Tools Show Printable Version. Environmental pollution free pdf download It might be a physical component, which is also be known as physical environment or a-biotic environment which includes the built environment. The natural surroundings like air conditions, water, land, atmosphere etc are usually the part of physical environment but they usually are known as natural environment.

People surrounding the item or thing, this type of environment is known as human environment. This is also known as the social environment and includes elements like the religious environment, emotional environment, residence, relations etc. Fig1: parameters that damage human health. An atmospheric condition present in concentrations which can cause undesirable effects on man and his environment is called as air pollution. Gaseous pollution include oxides of sulfur, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds etc.

Particulate pollutants include smoke, soot, dust, fumes, aerosols, liquid droplets, pollen gain etc. Effects of air pollution: The air pollution has the following effects:. Control of air pollution: The air pollution can be controlled by the following methods:. Water pollution can be defined as an alteration in physical, chemical or biological characteristics of water.

Sources of water pollution: Water is a required commodity to survive and we need water for bathing, irrigation, drinking, washing, cooking, and for industrial purposes. We get this water from groundwater sources, rivers, and lakes. The factors responsible for the pollution of groundwater and surface water are explained below:. Groundwater pollution: Septic tanks, industries like textile, chemical, and tanneries; deep well injection, mining etc.

Surface water pollution: The factors which are responsible for surface water pollution are:. Effects of water pollution: Around 2. Most of them are diarrheal diseases, typhoid, infectious hepatitis and Para typhoid is also causes. The atmosphere that we have today is very much distinct when compared with the atmosphere before i. If a pure and natural atmosphere is considered to be clean then in the present condition we cannot find a natural atmosphere because chemical contents in the atmosphere are enhanced.

For example, the content of carbon dioxide in the natural atmosphere was ppm and now in the current atmosphere it is To give a precise meaning of air pollution is a complex thing and can state that pollution began to include in the air when human beings started burning fuels.

Enhancement in global concentrations of gasses of greenhouse like carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide is also known as air pollution. We can purify the above statement by considering man-made emissions of hazardous chemicals as air pollution but this consideration has an adverse effect too.

Basically, contaminants are of two types and they are as follows:. Primary contaminants: primary contaminants are substances which are directly released into air from sources. The important primary contaminants which are hazardous in high amount are as follows:. Secondary contaminants or pollutants: secondary contaminants or pollutants are not directly released from sources but instead of this, they are formed in atmosphere from primary contaminants and secondary pollutants are also called as precursors.

The important secondary contaminants which are hazardous in high amount are as follows:.